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This article's use of may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please by removing or external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into. ( June 2016) Part of onTechnologies.Video sharing sites.BitTorrent sites.Academic/scholarly.File sharing networks.P2P clients.Streaming programs.Anonymous file sharing.Development and societal aspects.By country or region.Comparisons.
Contents.1970s. 1976 – a point-to-point binary transfer protocol by. February 1978 – 's becomes the first. BBS access is limited to phone lines until the early 1990s.
1979 – conceived by and at the. Its primary purpose is to facilitate focused discussion threads within topical categories , but it also allows the transfer of files. As of 2016 alt.binaries. newsgroups continue to serve files.1980s Most file sharing in this era was done by modem over landline telephone, at speeds from 300 to 9600 bits per second. Many file systems in use only supported.
Computer memory and speed was very limited, with 50 MHz CPUs only being accessible to consumers at the end of the decade. 1981 – – a binary protocol that can be used with or other systems to transfer binary data. January 1984 – In, the finds that making individual copies of complete television shows for purposes of is. This case would create some interpretative challenges to courts in applying the case to more recent technologies available for use on home computers and over the Internet.
1984 –, an inter- protocol that was widely available prior to IP based, is founded by. October 1985 – is standardized in, authored by Postel and Reynolds. FTP allows files to be efficiently uploaded and downloaded from a central server. 1985 – – a minor improvement to. 1986 – – another, which had superior long-distance (high latency) transmission.
August 1988 – is created by Jarkko Oikarinen.1990s FTP, IRC and Usenet were the main vehicles for file sharing in this decade. Data compression technologies for audio and video (like, AAC and MPEG) came into use towards the end of the 1990s. Copper wire was common with fibre optic cable only becoming available late in the decade.
1990 - Michael Sandrof adds functionality to allowing users to share files. November 1990 – The is formally proposed by and. December 1991 – The chooses an audio codec developed by and his colleagues at with input from and to serve as the MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) ISO/IEC standard. This allows songs on CDs to be converted into small computer files. June 1992 - establishes the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions standards for sending audio and images by email, paving the way for the alt.binaries hierarchy on. 1992 – Software Publishers Association runs an anti-copyright infringement campaign. July 1994 - The released the encoding software as shareware, the first of its kind.
September 1995 - The released, the first software mp3 player for Windows. June 1996 - Mp3 warez group founded. Using connections inside record companies, they rip pre-release music CDs, and make the mp3's available for others to download. Developed a chat client for Windows that can do file transfers up to 2 GBs. 1997 – is founded by five Computer Science students. Early products provide file search and download using the protocol, as well as a multimedia web search engine released in 1998.
Scour attracted early attention and support from media industry insiders before declaring bankruptcy in October 2000. April 1997 – audio player is released, including the ability to make playlists, leading to increased use of MP3 files. May 1997 - launches with file transfer capabilities. August 1997 – is announced at MacWorld, and allows chat, forums, and file transfers. It becomes popular among users.
September 1997 - 6.1 includes support for mp3 playback for the first time. November 1997 –. Is founded by and Greg Flores. Initially an FTP search engine, MP3.com becomes a hosting service for unsigned artists. It serves 4 million audio file downloads per day at its peak and becomes the largest technology in July 1999.
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The release of My.MP3.com in January 2000, which allowed users to stream their own files, would prompt litigation. In May 2000, would be ruled in favor of the record labels.
MP3.com would settle for $200 million and discontinue the service. January 1998 - is released providing easier to use CD-ripping software for creating mp3's on Windows. March 1998 – The, the first portable MP3 player, is launched.
July 1998 - released allowing mp3 playback and CD-ripping on Macintosh computers. In 2000, bought this program, and used it as the basis for. September 1998 – MP3 player is shipped. Its popularity leads the to file a temporary restraining order in October, without success. October 1998 – is unanimously passed by the US Senate. DMCA provides a 'safe harbor' ensuring that Internet Service Providers cannot be sued for the activities of their users.
November 1998 – is created. Initially an FTP search engine, the Audiogalaxy Satellite P2P client would reach 1 million downloads in 2001. In May 2002, a suit by the RIAA would force Audiogalaxy to block sharing of illegal songs. In June 2002, Audiogalaxy would settle the suit for an undisclosed amount and make its services opt-in. In September 2002, Audiogalaxy would discontinue P2P services in favor of, a pay streaming service.
December 1998 –, the first digital media news site, is launched. February 1999 - China's launches, a chat client with file transfer capability. June 1999 – was created. Napster let users search across all users' shares. Napster provided a centralized server that indexed the files, and carried out the searches. Individual files, however, remain on the hosts' computers and were transferred directly from peer to peer.
November 1999 - The network is created. November 1999 - is launched. December 1999 - The first lawsuits were filed against Napster.2000s In computer science terms, modern file sharing begins in the 2000s.
Several file sharing protocols and file formats were introduced, along with nearly a decade in protocol experimentation. Towards the end of the 2000s, BitTorrent became subject to a 'man in the middle' attack in TCP mode – and this has led most file sharing protocols to move to UDP towards the very end of the decade. Client and tracker software in this era was in development as much as the transmission protocols, so the file trading software was not always as reliable as it could have been.2000.
January – My.MP3.com is released by MP3.com. March – Scour Exchange is released as a P2P file exchange service to compete with Napster. In addition to audio files, it also supports sharing of other media as well as software.
March – becomes the first decentralized file sharing network with the release of a network client by and of. Like Napster, users could share large numbers of files at once, and search across the entire network for files. March – (formerly ) Gnutella client released. May – causes My.MP3.com to shut down. 3.0 becomes the first version to include file transfer capability. June – (originally Slyway.com) launches.
July –. Its goal is to provide freedom of speech through a peer-to-peer network which focuses on protecting anonymity. Files are distributed across the computers of Freenet's users. Ian Clarke's paper would become the most-cited computer science paper of 2000. Freenet would become a in 2008. September – client and server software is released by Jed McCaleb, introducing into decentralized file sharing.
October – Scour Exchange is shut down as Scour Inc. Files for bankruptcy in the face of copyright infringement litigation. October – Napster is credited with driving Radiohead's album to the top of the Billboard charts.
December - Peer-to-peer file sharing client 1.8 beta is released, providing users with another way to connect to (later ) networks.2001. February –. February – Napster peaks at 26.4 million users.
March – and the proprietary protocol are released by, and Priit Kasesalu. The Kazaa Media Desktop client came bundled with. Legal action in the Netherlands would force an offshoring of the company, renamed. In September 2003, the would file suit against private individuals allegedly sharing files via Kazaa. In September 2005, would be ruled against Sharman by the Federal Court of Australia.
Sharman's non-compliance would prompt censorship of the program in Australia. In July 2006, the would cause Sharman to settle for $100 million and convert Kazaa to a legal-only file sharing program.
April – is released by (later StreamCast), after licensing the protocol. MusicCity had previously operated servers. Would become a popular FastTrack client, with 4.5 million users, until licensing disputes and a protocol switch in February 2002. In March 2003, the Morpheus client was re-released to operate on Gnutella, using Gnucleus servant as its core.
In June 2005, a redesigned Morpheus client would be released. In June 2005, would be decided against StreamCast. In June 2008, the Morpheus client would become no longer available for download. April – client is released. July – Napster shuts down due to injunction. Many former Napster users move to OpenNap servers.
July – Satellite client reaches 1 million downloads. July 2 – released. Users only upload one or a small number of files at a time, but all peers are forced to seed to other peers from the parts of a file they have received so far. Initially, programs did not include a search function, so indexing sites sprung up. Downloads for popular files tend to be faster than on many other networks.
August – eDonkey network index site founded. It would be taken down by police in March 2004. September - admitted that they had included digital rights management software on 's single, perhaps the first such scheme to be implemented.
October – client is released. By 2007, it would no longer be functional. October – released the first, which would eventually become the most popular portable mp3 player.
October – 8 includes the ability to rip CDs to mp3 for the first time. Pro- demonstration in after the police raid against, 2006.
February 21 –, a indexing server and one of the biggest on the eDonkey network, is raided and taken down. May 31 – The servers of the Swedish website are raided by 50 Swedish police officers, causing it to go offline for three days. June, July - and stop offering., and drop the alt. or alt.binaries.
hierarchy. October - announced the introduction of a 'content identification architecture' which allows them to locate videos under copyright, and remove them. If copyright holders choose to leave the video up, YouTube agrees to pay them a share of the advertising revenue., and all agree to this approach., file host, is launched. 2006 - Anonymous friend-to-friend client is first released.2007.
gave up using on their audio CD's, the last music company to do so. August 9 - launches Windows Live SkyDrive in the United Kingdom and India.
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